“韓中教育交流建言“ （万维博客 2015年1月4日）

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万维博客

韓中教育交流建言

2015年1月4日

原文

 

Emanuel Pastreich 贝一明, 庆熙大学

 

随着韩中两国经济交流日益频繁，有必要建立更广泛的文化教育项目的合作，以确保个人和较小机构间的大范围互动，开创一个密切联系两国的纽带。

这样的交流必须精心组织，着眼于长远。令人失望的是，中韩学者或政府官员间的许多交流仅限于正式会议或晚宴，无法建立长期关系。真正的思想交流，甚至在双方所要学的东西很多的时候，也相当有限。因此，研究项目或计划应以5年或10年为期，而且应该最大限度地确保中韩两国学生、教授和政策制定者之间的直接合作（对话，合作论文，交换意见等）

另外，中韩两国共同开发的项目应该涵盖在一个更大的项目中，旨在创造一种新的文明，在经济和环境都处于危机的时代，为我们指明新的方向。说合作的宗旨必须与整个世界相关，并不意味着合作与两国文化无关。相反，我们应该发掘两国文化宝藏，介绍给世界。我们要做的是重塑文明，整合西方科技传统的长处，与东方传统所强调的可持续性、社会和谐和高瞻远瞩的观点。

最重要的是，中韩之间的研究将发掘传统中可具体应用到当下的部分。一个极好的起点，是将研究与中韩历朝历代政府所为和政策结合起来，以考察如何应用到当代社会。鉴于中韩两国都在世界史上留下了一些政府管理和创新机制，这样的合作研究和开发项目充满机遇。

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“女性の商品化はもうやめよう” (中央日報 2014年 ０８月 ３０日)

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中央日報

“女性の商品化はもうやめよう”

2014年 ０８月 ３０日

エマニュエル・パストリッチ

 

このように女性の容貌ばかり問う低俗な文化は非常に高い代価を支払う。時には自分の容貌に自信を失い、疎外感に苦しみながら、自殺を招いたり、執着する行動をしたり、幸せな家庭生活を営めない状況になったりもする。もう我々の社会も正常に戻らなければいけない。韓国社会で女性の役割がますます高まり、容貌やマナーより能力と情熱が女性を評価する基準となる文化を築かなければならない理由がそこにある。

そのためには何よりも性的なメッセージが入ったすべての広告を例外なく禁止すればどうだろうか。私たちの娘が成長しながらアイデンティティーを形成する過程で、こうした広告の影響を受けないようにする義務が、大人たち全員にあるのではないだろうか。無差別に露出する広告で単に酒やたばこだけを禁止すればよいというものではない。

にもかかわらず、非常に蠱惑的な女性のイメージがあたかも現代的な女性解放の象徴と見なされる韓国的な現実が残念だ。女性は自分の言葉と行動を通じて自らを表出し、自らつかんだもので評価される時が、本当の女性解放ではないだろうか。女性が自分を表現し、他の人たちと差別化しようという欲求が、衣装・化粧品・ヘアスタイルに傾く現実から抜け出す必要がある。市中にあふれるファッション雑誌を広げて見ても、筆者が何を言おうとしているのか理解できるだろう。

韓国の女性が男性の視線を意識するよう強い圧迫を受けることになれば、社会の発展に役立つ建設的かつ活動的な重要な役割に背を向けることになる。自分の実際の姿とは違うように見せようとするこうした圧迫感は、従来の文化を大きく歪めるのにとどまらず、皮相的で低級な文化につながる。１９９０年代に筆者が日本で勉強していた時期、韓国人の読書量は今よりはるかに多かった。それだけではない。あえて比較すると、日本人より容貌やぜいたく品などに対してはるかに緩い態度を持っていた。ところが最近の韓国人、特に若い女性を見ると、こうした傾向が完全に逆転したという考えを否めない。

“東アジア、武器よさらば” (中央日報 2014年 １１月 ２４日)

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中央日報

“東アジア、武器よさらば”

2014年 １１月 ２４日

エマニュエル・パストリッチ

交渉は核兵器だけでなく軍備縮小に関する一連の交渉と並行しなければいけない。海軍艦艇、タンク、戦闘機、ミサイル防衛などに関する議論を進めることができる。軍事訓練監視装置も必要だ。そして無人航空機とロボット、３Ｄ（３次元）プリンティングとサイバー戦争など、新技術についても交渉を進めて条約に反映しなければいけない。全域ミサイル防衛は包括的武器条約の一部として扱う必要がある。このように広範囲な軍縮交渉が行われれば、東アジアは世界をリードする模範になることができる。

米国と中国の信頼は平和議論を成功させるための必須条件だ。そのような意味で「オバマ－習近平」の気候変動対応協力宣言は特に重要だ。ところが「再均衡（リバランス）」として知られる米国の政策は誤謬と偏見が内在した接近法であり、早期に是正され、完全に再構成されなければならない。「再均衡」という名のもと、中国を狙った挑発的な構想がむやみに流布している。韓国と日本・豪州などが米国の同盟として中国の浮上を抑える対抗勢力になるべきだとしたり、米国海軍が西太平洋区域で倍に増強されるべきだという主張が大衆の目と耳を幻惑させている。これは東アジアの安保構図をもつれさせ、結局、米国にもブーメランとなって返ってくるはずだ。中国も国際社会の責任の行動基準を受け入れるべきだが、米国も冷戦時代の二分法的な思考の限界を抜け出すことが求められる。軍縮および平和議論は気候変動対応議論と並行されなければならない。気候変動はもう安保の脅威として扱うべきであり、国際社会が共同で対応するのが効果的だという点は明確になっている。気候変動に対する共同対応は軍隊の概念と役割を変え、東アジア地域で平和議論を質的に変更させ、最終的に格上げさせる素材となる可能性がある。軍隊が人類共通の災難への迅速対応組織になることも考えられる。

一部の人はこうした画期的な安保政策の転換が国防に良くない影響があるおそれがあると心配するだろう。しかし基本的な安保革新と創造に対する転換は結局、韓国に有利だ。韓国がもしこうした転換を主導できれば、米国・中国・日本の間で懸け橋の役割だけでなく、軍隊革新の先導者となることもできるだろう。まだ残っている小さな希望の火を生かすことができれば、東アジアが平和と繁栄を先導する地域に変貌するのは十分に可能なことだ。

“統一は選択の問題ではない” (中央日報 2014年12月15日)

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中央日報

“統一は選択の問題ではない”

2014年12月15日

エマニュエル・パストリッチ

韓国と北朝鮮は、非武装地帯（ＤＭＺ）で分かれてコミュニケーションや人的交流がほとんど不可能だ。しかしＤＭＺが韓国の唯一の障壁だという考えは禁物だ。韓国と北朝鮮にはそれぞれ経済的・理念的な分裂を助長する勢力がすでに登場して共通の未来を妨げている。これらこそが目に見えない危険な障壁だ。１９６０～７０年代の韓国の発展を導いた驚くべき共同体意識も崩れている。このような隣国との文化的・思想的障壁はＤＭＺよりも恐ろしい。

最悪の場合、南北はお金と財貨の流れだけで統合された国に帰結する恐れもある。

南北が自らの意志によったものではなく、両国に投資中の中国・ロシアまたは別の国の発展戦略に巻き込まれて統合されるケースも想定が可能だ。そのような形で統一されるならば、自ら新しい統一韓国の具体的な青写真を作れないまま、すべての水準でさまざまな世代の間の葛藤をそそのかす大変な分裂が後に続くだろう。

韓国社会のすべての水準において統合を実現しなければならない理由がここにある。これを通じて南北のだれもが同等な市民になり、共通の価値観を共有し、互いに責任を負わなければならない。万一、南と北が文化的・社会的統合を実現できなくても現在進行形の経済的統合の流れは止まらないだろう。だが、そのような統一はメキシコと米国の国境のように、今のＤＭＺが非常に搾取的かつ否定的な様相を帯びることになるだろう。

環境的な問題も考えざるをえない。北朝鮮はすでに過度な耕作や森林破壊によって土壌が疲弊している上に気候変化まで重なって相当な面積が恐ろしいほどに砂漠化している。この乾燥地域がＤＭＺを超えて韓国の土地に影響を及ぼせば、そうでなくても不足気味の水不足の事態をあおることになるかも知れない。韓国政府がいくら努力しても韓半島の砂漠化を防ぐには力不足だろう。結局は緊密な協力しかない。

もはや私たちは統一の不可避性を受け入れて、その過程を成功裏にするために必要な具体的な政策を樹立することに専念しなければならない。万一、今この瞬間に韓国社会の内的統合に気をつかわないとしても、経済的統合はずっと続くだろう。しかしそうした無責任な統一は、私たちの社会に分裂を招き、目に見えないそうした分裂はＤＭＺよりもはるかに悲劇的で危険なのだ。

 

“한•중은 역사적 전통에서 혁신 모델 찾아야” (중앙일보 2015년 1월 3일 )

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 중앙일보

“한·중은 역사적 전통에서 혁신 모델 찾아야”

2015년 1월 3일

임마누엘  페스트라이쉬

 

 

링크 

 

한•중 경제 교류가 확대되면서 양국의 협력은 더욱 공고해지고 있다. 경제 교류뿐 아니라 문화 및 교육 협력 프로그램도 활발해지는 추세다. 두 나라의 교류는 경제 및 환경 위기 시대에 새로운 비전을 제시하는 방향으로 진행돼야 한다. 예를 들면 문화 교류에서 그치지 않고 두 문화에 숨겨진 좋은 선례를 찾아 전 세계에 알리는 것이다. 동양 전통에 나타나는 지속 가능성, 사회적 화합에 서양의 전통적 강점인 기술과 과학을 접목한다면 문명을 새로운 방향으로 이끌어갈 수 있다.

　한국과 중국은 세계 역사상 매우 훌륭하고 혁신적인 통치제도를 구축했다. 이런 전통과 역사를 탐구함으로써 우리는 오늘날에 적용 가능한 통찰을 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 크게 견제와 균형을 통한 선정(善政), 외교 전략, 농업을 통한 지속 가능성, 교육 네 분야에서 생각해볼 수 있다.

　먼저, 견제와 균형을 통한 선정을 살펴보자. 과거 한국과 중국의 과거시험 같은 관료선발제도, 중앙•지방정부 간의 관계에서 발견되는 견제와 균형의 원리는 오늘날에도 큰 교훈을 준다. 일반적으로 근대 이전의 한국과 중국은 민주주의와 큰 관계가 없다고 생각하지만 중국은 오늘날 우리가 말하는 민주주의를 형성하는 데 지대한 역할을 했다. 민주주의란 고대 그리스의 시민에 대한 개념과 중국 전통의 행정기관 및 법치제도가 수렴된 것으로 보는 것이 가장 적합하다.

　구체적으로 보자면 과거 한국과 중국에는 효과적인 공무원의 시험과 배치, 이동 제도가 많이 있었다. 이를 오늘날의 현실에 맞게 일부 수정해 적용한다면 현대사회의 부패 척결과 선정 확립에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. 지방자치를 보장해주는 훌륭한 제도도 많았다. 한•중 역대 왕조의 모범사례를 비교연구하면 오늘날 정부 개혁을 위한 구체적 아이디어까지 이끌어낼 수 있을 것이다.

　한국과 중국은 시험제도를 통해 의욕 넘치고 헌신적인 정부 관리를 선출했다. 특히 과거시험은 정부 내 부패 척결을 위한 효과적인 방법이다. 앞으로 중국은 이질적 문화의 이른바 ‘서방’ 모델을 좇기보다 과거를 재해석하는 편이 훨씬 효과적일 수 있다. 한국과 중국의 역사에 대한 객관적인 평가는 혁신을 추구하는 최선의 방법이 될 수 있다.

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Emanuel Pastreich’s talk “A Tale of Two Cities” at Harvard University on March 31, 2015

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 “A Tale of Two Cities:

Seoul as the Byzantium of the 21st Century”

Tuesday, March 31, 6 PM
Barker Center room 024
12 Quincy St.

Free and Open to the Public

Harvard University

Tuesday, 31 March, 2015 6 PM Emanuel Pastreich Associate Professor Kyung Hee University

Seoul has emerged at the center of a new economic and cultural order in East Asia and this massive city is increasingly making its presence felt around the world through its music, art, fashion and movies. Washington D.C. and Seoul are increasingly emerging as the two major capitals of the American global system in a manner that brings to mind the relationship between Rome and Byzantium in another age.

But most Americans know very little about this center for cultural production in Asia. This talk considers the competing cultural identities of Seoul: Gangnam (South of the river) whose brash spirit is embodied in Psy’s hit song and Gangbuk (North of the River) a subtle urban space of tight-knit urban communities. How does the tension between these two cultures stimulate cultural production in Seoul and what are the prospects for Seoul’s cultural future?

byzantiumdreamstime_s_30146207

barker center

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Emanuel on the Rogen and Goldberg’s “The Interview”

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Emanuel on the Rogen and Goldberg’s “The Interview”

December 25, 2014

 

I had a chance to see today the new movie The Interview produced by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg. The movie has gained much attention because of the supposed hacking of Sony by North Korea in response to this comedy about an attack on the Dear Leader. The claim that North Korea was responsible has been increasingly disputed in the media over the last few days.    

I was more interested in the actual content of the movie. In terms of plot, is really nothing to give away about this poorly-structured and pandering film. I obviously would never have watched it if I had not felt a necessity.

It is an interesting question what the response of the American government would have been if North Korea, or any nation, had produced a film that made light of an assassination of a specific living president of the United States and both justified the assassination and also showed him in a grotesque and compromising manner. It is hard to know what would happen, but I think we can safely say that it would have resulted in an extremely serious diplomatic disagreement.

But the more important part about the movie The Interview is simply how decadent and grotesque the film is in terms of its language and in terms of the sexual acts—and innuendos—that it presents. The film goes beyond the sophomoric humor of Animal House into some extremely disturbing mixture of sex and violence that suggest a mix of militarism and sadism. After watching the film, I started to wonder whether country we need to worry about is the United States, the nation that produced this “comedy”  about killing and about the exploitation of women.   

were

The conversations between the two protagonists are an unending barrage of references, some cloaked, some more explicit, to pornography. The movie does not actually qualify as pornography with an X rating, but in terms of tone, it is indistinguishable.

I could not get out of my mind Chris Hedges excellent book Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle as I watched. As Hedges suggests in that book, politics in the United States is increasingly a spectacle that defies any rational discourse or appeal to the common good. Politics has become, Hedges argues, pornography.

Here in this film we see American foreign policy also reduced to pornography: An instant gratification realized through a sensationalized cyber interaction between nations—not unlike the on-line cyber-sex of pornography.

Hedges explains in his book,

“The porn films are not about sex. Sex is airbrushed and digitally washed out of the films. There is no acting because none of the women are permitted to have what amounts to a personality.The one emotion they are allowed to display is an unquenchable desire to satisfy men, especially if that desire involves the women’s physical and emotional degradation.”

The various sex scenes and parties that make up a substantial part of the film are simply degrading of all participants. I hope that the controversy about this movie may lead us to take this all too American problem more seriously.

images

Scrawl on a bench near Chungmuro Station

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I was waiting for the bus for an interminable amount of time today in front of the Asia Institute offices. When I had had enough, I happened to glance down at the bench and spotted this this short note scrawled on its surface.

It read:

 

“Although we believe that the troubles of today somehow will pass away, why is it that we do not want to believe that the happiness we are enjoying right now will also pass away like a dream?”

2014-12-23 17.27.24

 

The phrase struck me as particularly significant. A rip in the surface of things that forced me to think a bit about the tremendous depth of this daily life I toss away in my rush to create some better future.

 

“한국의 조선업 발달은 분단 후 섬 아닌 섬 됐기 때문” 하버드 대 마크 쉘 교수 인터뷰 (중앙SUNDAY)

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중앙SUNDAY

“한국의 조선업 발달은 분단 후 섬 아닌 섬 됐기 때문”

‘섬의 학문’ 연구하는 마크 셸 하버드대 교수

남정호 기자

2014년 12월 21일

링크 

 

 

남정호 기자

 

21011055세계적 석학 마크 셸 하버드대 교수가 지난 18일 섬나라의 특성 등에 대해 설명하고 있다. 셸 교수는 지난달 섬의 특징과 역사 등에 대해 다룬 『도서학(Islandology)』을 출간했다. 오종택 기자

“시인들이 뭐라고 표현하든 섬은 영혼의 비유다.”(재닛 윈터슨·영국 여류시인)
일상에 지칠수록 아련한 향수를 불러일으키는 섬. 이런 신비에 싸인 섬을 학문적으로 연구해 온 학자가 있다. 비교문학 분야에서 세계적인 석학으로 꼽히는 마크 셸(Mark Shell) 미국 하버드대 영문학과 교수. 그는 문학도이지만 섬을 연구하는 ‘도서학(島嶼學)’ 전문가로도 유명하다. 경희사이버대 특강을 위해 방한한 그를 지난 18일 만나 도서국가의 특징과 섬을 둘러싼 영토분쟁 해결 방안 등을 들었다.

21011106

『도서학: 지리, 수사, 정치(Islandology: Geography, Rhetoric, Politics)』(392쪽, 미국 스탠퍼드대 출판

-이번에 『도서학(Islandology)』(아래 사진)이란 책을 출간했는데 어떤 학문인가.

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JoongAng Daily

“Is reunification a choice?”

December 19, 2014

Emanuel Pastreich

 

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Recently I led a discussion about the future of Korea and the challenges of unification in my class at Kyung Hee University. When I asked students what the proper road forward for Korea might be, one declared with great confidence that he did not feel those of his generation would chose unification, especially in light of the exorbitant costs reported in the media.

I thought for a long time about that student’s comment after the class and wondered whether perhaps many Koreans assume history offers us such choices. I believe that we have choices in terms of our response to destiny, but we may never have a choice between unification and division.

The best known saying about unification is to be found in the preface to the Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Samgukji in Korean), an epic relating the competing visions for unification at the close of the Han Dynasty: “Any state that has been divided for a long time will inevitably come back together; any state that has been unified for a long time will inevitably split apart.”

The implication is that the unification and division of nations are phenomena driven by larger historical and geopolitical factors and that they are ineluctable in nature. It would more accurate to say that we have a choice between a successful unification and a failed unification; there is no choice about unification itself.

The process of unification on the Korean Peninsula has already begun. North Koreans are being drawn into the global economy regardless of South Korean or American policies. The privileged of Pyongyang travel to Beijing and Moscow to purchase luxury goods and are entirely capable of acquiring foreign reserves and even opening accounts through which they can invest around the world, including in South Korea, without being easily detected. China also is investing in North Korea on a large scale and making that economy more integrated with the world.

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