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Cairncross\uff09\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u201d\uff08death of 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\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7740\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u56fd\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6740\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u529b\u53bb\u523a\u6fc0\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u8eab\u80cc\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u4e5f\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u6b22\u8fce\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8f9b\u82e6\u52b3\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u6837\u53ea\u662f\u6fc0\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u5177\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u514b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\uff08Chrysler\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5927\u800c\u4e0d\u5012\u201d\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\u4e24\u56fd\u4efb\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u4e24\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5012\u4e0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u3002\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u73af\u5883\u3001\u65e5\u76ca\u7316\u7357\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fce\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u5669\u68a6\u65f6\u4ee3\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6001\u7248\u7684\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u4e92\u6467\u6bc1\u201d\uff08mutually assured ecological destruction\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8054\u76df\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8865\u6551\u65b9\u6cd5\u6839\u672c\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8f6c\u53d8\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u540d\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u8861\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7834\u574f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u77ed\u7f3a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4e24\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5747\u8861\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u7531\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u89c4\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Center for Environmental Law and Policy\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5883\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6570\u201d\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/www.yale.edu\/epi\/\">Environmental Performance Index<\/a>\uff0cEPI\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u6307\u6570(HDI)\u6216\u8bb8\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff082006\u5e74EPI\u5168\u7403\u6392\u540d\u7b2c28\uff0cHDI\u7b2c8\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff08EPI\u5168\u7403\u6392\u540d\u7b2c94\uff0cHDI\u7b2c81\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u7684\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u4ea8\u5229\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08Patrick Henry High School\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fePALS\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u642d\u5efa\u6865\u6881\u514b\u670d\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8054\u76df\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5f00\u91c7\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bf8\u5982\u53cd\u5bf9\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u76f8\u4e92\u5408\u4f5c\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u9010\u6e10\u903c\u8fd1\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u602a\u517d\u8054\u76df\u201d\u5c31\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"_Toc392012699\"><\/a>\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u65b0\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u5417\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5c14\u2022\u683c\u8328\uff08Bill 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