\u201cEstablishing a Korean Tradition of Democracy to Inspire\u201d<\/p>\n
An essay arguing that Korea\u2019s democratic tradition must be traced back over the last thousand years to properly have the depth necessary to inspire the world. We have mistakenly assumed that the Korean democratic tradition is a product of the 1980s, thus unnecessarily limiting its possible impact.<\/p>\n
Emanuel Pastreich (<\/strong>\uc774\ub9cc\uc5f4)<\/strong><\/p>\n \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc2a4\ud2f0\ud29c\ud2b8<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n 2012<\/strong>\ub144 1\uc6d4 15\uc77c <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201c<\/strong>\uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \uc7ac\ubc1c\uacac\uacfc \ud55c\uad6d\uc2dd \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \n \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uac01\uad6d\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\uba74 \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc120\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd5c\uace0 \uad8c\ub825\uc790\ub97c \uc120\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ub098\ub77c\uac00 \ub9ce\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc740 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uc7a6\uace0 \ucc38\uc5ec \ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc904\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc 2\ub144\uc5d0 \ud55c \ubc88 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc815\uce58\uc778\uc744 \uc0c1\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uce5c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc758\uc2dd\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc545\uc21c\ud658\uc774 \uc870\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ud604\ub300 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uace0 \uc788\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \uc784\ubc15\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc704\uae30\ub97c \uc608\ubc29\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\ucc45 \uacb0\uc815 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc120\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uc6b4\uc601 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ubc94\uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ub098\uc628\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a8\uae4c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ubaa8\ubc94\uad6d\uac00 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d\uc774 \ud574\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a8\uae4c \ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud574 \ubcf8\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e4\uc73c\uba74 \ub2f9\uc7a5 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \ub098\uc62c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc798 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d \uc815\uce58\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uacf5\uc9c0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \ub208\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \ub3fc \uc788\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\uc640 \ube44\uad50\ud558\uba74 \ubaa8\ubc94\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud55c\uad6d\uc774 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uac70\uccd0\uc57c\ud560 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uace0 \ud604\uc7ac \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ub41c \ubc30\uacbd\uacfc \uc5f0\uc6d0\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud754\ud788 \ud55c\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc774 1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ub410\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc790\uc8fc \ud558\ub294\ub370 \ubb54\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud558\uac8c \uc804\uac1c\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654 \ud22c\uc7c1 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub3c4\uc0c1\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uad81\uae08\ud574 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uadf8 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \uc131\uacf5\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ubc30\uacbd\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub9cc\uc77c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ucd5c\uace0 \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uad8c\ub825 \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \uacac\uc81c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \uc7a5\uce58\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 3\uad6d \uc2dc\ub300 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc911\uad6d \uc1a1\ub098\ub77c \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \uc720\uad50 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uad6d\uac00\uc801 \uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uce68\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc6a9\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc774 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uac15\ud55c \uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc778\uc7ac\ub97c \uc120\ubc1c\ud588\uace0 \uc655\uc548\uc11d\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ub9c8\uad11 \ub4f1 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uac15\uc778\ud55c \uc2e4\ucc9c \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \uc644\ube44\ud55c \ubb38\uc778 \uc120\ube44\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\ubd80 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0\uc11c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \ubd81\uc1a1\uc758 \ud669\uc81c\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \ud669\uc81c\uc640 \uad00\ub8cc \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ud638\ud55c \uc1a1\ub098\ub77c \uc2dc\uae30 \uc720\uad50\ub294 \ube44\ub85d \uc120\uac70 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2dc\ub300\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\ubc94\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uace0\ub824 \uc131\uc885 \uc784\uae08 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc2b9\ub85c\ub294 \uc720\uad50 \uc774\ub150\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub098\ub77c\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2a4\ub9b4 \uac83\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud588\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc2b9\ub85c\uc758 \uc81c\uc548\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uad6d\uc655\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uac01\uc885 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc790\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uac74\uc758\ub294 \ud30c\uaca9\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc131\uc885\uc740 \uac74\uc758\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc131\uc885\uc774 \ud2b9\ucd9c\ub09c \uc131\uad70\uc774\ub77c\uc11c \uc218\uc6a9\ud588\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c \ubd84\uc704\uae30\uac00 \uc218\uc6a9\uc744 \uac15\ubc15\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5f0\uc720\ub4e0 \uc774\ud6c4 \uace0\ub824\ub294 \ubc95\uacfc \uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\uc548\uc774 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub418\ub294 \ub098\ub77c\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \ud06c\uac8c \uac15\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uace0\uad6c\ub824 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc18c \uc790\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uace0\uad6c\ub824 \uad6d\uc655 28\uba85 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ubaa8\ubcf8\uc655 \ub4f1 3\uba85\uc774 \uc2e0\ud558\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \ub2f9\ud588\ub294\ub370 3\uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub840\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ud1b5\uc810\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uace0\uc704\uae09 \uc2e0\ud558\uac00 \uad6d\uc655 \ucd95\ucd9c\uc744 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud588\uace0 \uc815\ubcc0\uc758 \uba85\ubd84\uc740 \ud3ec\uc545\ud55c \uc815\uce58\ub85c \ubc31\uc131\uc744 \ub3c4\ud0c4\uc5d0 \ube60\ud2b8\ub838\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774\uace0 \uac70\uc0ac \uc131\uacf5 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc8fc\ub3d9\uc790\ub294 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uad6d\uc655\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc655\uc2e4 \ud608\ud1b5\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \ucc28\uae30 \uad6d\uc655\uc73c\ub85c \uc639\ub9bd\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6d\uc655\uc758 \uc808\ub300 \uad8c\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc2e0\ud558\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc18\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ubc31\uc131\uc758 \uc548\uc704\uc5d0 \ub450\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 2\ucc9c \ub144\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uacfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc678\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc0b0 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uae30\uc801\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \ud55c\ub958\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ubc1b\ub294 \ub098\ub77c\uac00 \ub410\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7a5\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc989 \ubb38\ud654\ub098 \uc81c\ub3c4, \uc0ac\uc0c1 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub098\ub77c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \ubcc0\uacbd\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc704\uc0c1\uacfc \ud55c\uad6d \uc0c1\ud488\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub294 \uc62c\ub77c\uac08 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc774 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud5c8\ud669\ub418\uac8c \ub4e4\ub9b4\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uc778 \ub0b4\uac00 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\uac74\ub300 \uc6b4\uba85\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uadf8 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \ubd88\ud3b8\ud55c \uc2dc\ud589\ucc29\uc624\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00\ub294 \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc81c \uc218\ud589\uc744 \uc6d0\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 \uc218\ucc9c \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc874\uc7ac\ud574\uc628 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc7ac\ubc1c\uacac\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc11c\ub458\ub7ec\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.(\ub05d)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u201cEstablishing a Korean Tradition of Democracy to Inspire\u201d An essay arguing that Korea\u2019s democratic tradition must be traced back over the last thousand years to properly have the depth necessary to inspire the world. We have mistakenly assumed that the Korean democratic tradition is a product of the 1980s, thus unnecessarily limiting its possible impact. … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9296425,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[651,9657613,68971,10990001],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","category-asia-institute","category-international-relations","category-today-in-korea"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9296425"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1883"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1883\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/green-liberty.org\/circlesandsquares\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}